Catholic Social Teaching Essay

* is a body of doctrine developed by the Catholic Church on matters of poverty and wealth, economics, social organization and the role of the state. Its foundations are widely considered to have been laid by Pope Leo XIII’s 1891 encyclical letter Rerum Novarum, which advocated economic Distributism and condemned both Capitalism and Socialism, although its roots can be traced to the writings of Catholic thinkers such as St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Augustine of Hippo, and is also derived from concepts present in the Bible. * The Catholic Social Teaching has two basic characteristics, namely, being permanent and developing. * Permanent -Since the teachings are based on the Gospel, they offer a permanent complex idea to be pursued in the ever changing historical conditions and ways. These teachings can never go out of date in their fundamentals. Examples of these permanent teachings are exemplified in the following principles: 1. Human dignity and Solidarity 2. Social justice and Christian love 3. Active non-violence and peace 4. Preferential option for the poor 5. Value of human work 6. Universal destinations of all goods of the earth 7. Stewardship and the integrity of creation 8. People empowerment 9. Authentic and holistic (integral) human development * Developing -The fundamentals of Church Social Teaching make up the steadily growing collection of the Church’s social principles that must be creatively applied to and renewed in ever changing concrete situations of various events, cultures, and human needs in the historical process. Deeper insights into permanent values develop as the Church reads the signs of the times. * Methods and Sources 1. Scripture. The authoritative books which record the Jewish and Christian   experiences of God’s self-disclosure. Scripture reveals who God is and who we are called to be in response to God. Interpretation of Scripture requires attention to historical context and is best done in community. 2. Tradition: the ways of thinking and living that are â€Å"handed over† (traditio) from one generation to the next; an ongoing conversation across the ages about our most important questions. Also the body of theological reflection and the ways of putting this reflection into practice that are â€Å"handed over† (traditio) from one generation to the next. Magisterium: official teaching office of church and authoritative voice of tradition. While theologians, activists, and ordinary Catholics make contribute to this body of theological reflection in important ways, a privileged source of Catholic tradition is the magisterium or the official, authoritative teaching office of the church. This official teaching office is exercised by Catholic Bishops, and in particular the Bishop of Rome (the Pope), as well as groups appointed by the Pope. This teaching is expressed in the form of a) papal encyclicals; b) encyclicals of Church Councils (such as Vatican II) or Synods of Bishops, c) statements by Vatican offices, congregations, and commissions; & d) Episcopal conferences (regional meetings of Bishops, such as the National Conference of Catholic Bishops in the United States). 3. Reason. The natural human capacity to know truth. The way we interpret and understand Scripture, Tradition, and experience. * Reason as Natural Law The preeminent form of reasoning for much of Catholic tradition has been natural law reasoning. To understand Catholic natural law reasoning, one must get inside a whole worldview, culture, and language within Catholic tradition. Natural law holds that God’s intentions are expressed in the order that God â€Å"built into creation.† This order takes the form of â€Å"natures† or intelligible patterns of being. Humans are capable of knowing this order by reflecting upon creation. As humans we must first recognize our nature and act according to it so as to fulfill our created nature. For example, humans by nature (or by creation) have a â€Å"built in† instinct for self-preservation. Aquinas argues that to use appropriately limited violence in self-defense is good because it is to act according to our God-given nature. (God’s creation is good). * Four Levels of Law St. Thomas Aquinas defines law is â€Å"an ordering of reason† (ordinatio rationis) or the most important way that reason rules or measures actions. He describes four levels of law: a. Eternal Law: the mind (ratio) of God which orders and governs creation b. Divine Law: the explicit revelation of the mind of God in Scripture c. Natural Law: the expression of the mind of God in the order that God has built into creation. This order takes the form of natures or patterns of being that humans can know by using their reason to reflect on creation. For example, because humans by nature (or creation) have a built in instinct for self-preservation, limited self-defense is in accord with our God-given nature. See Romans 2:14-15 d. Human Law: human attempts to formulate laws that reflect the natural law. * Two Interpretations of Human Nature There have been two major strains of interpretation of human nature: a) â€Å"nature as physical†Ã¢â‚¬â€humans must respect their biological â€Å"givenness† or the physical order (ex. artificial contraception interferes with the natural order of sexual intercourse whereas the rhythm method respects this order.) b) â€Å"nature as rational†Ã¢â‚¬â€humans must act in accord with reason; they must seek to discover and fulfill their fullest purpose. Biology does not trump other cues in discovering â€Å"nature.† Instead, we must look to all sources of human wisdom in order to discover how things are meant to be. The pope reasons that the purpose of property is for the good of all creation but a limited right to private property is consistent with human dignity and human wisdom about how well people take care of common property. 4. Experience. Our encounter with the world both past and present. Christian tradition privileges the experience of those at the margins of society—the poor and the oppressed. In Catholic social thought experience is enriched and expanded by a four step process of interpretation and reflection which I will call â€Å"the interpretive circle†. a. experience: insert yourself into a situation, see what is going on, and gather necessary information b. social analysis: â€Å"What are the structural or â€Å"root† causes of injustices?† â€Å"What are the patterns of action that reinforce these injustices?† c. theological reflection: â€Å"What light does faith, especially as expressed in Scripture and Catholic social teaching, shed upon our experience and social analysis?† â€Å"Where is God in this situation and how might we respond to God’s call to us?† d. practical planning: â€Å"What are the most faithful, creative, and effective ways of acting upon the first three steps?† * How does Catholic tradition use these four sources? 1. They serve as checks and balances to each other. Each should inform and complement the other in critical dialogue. 2. â€Å"Reason informed by faith.† Reason and faith penetrate each other and form a unified way of approaching problems. Scripture and Christian Tradition provide the overall story, worldview, and values that serve as the framework for moral reasoning.

Modernization

Modernization in this contemporary world gives birth to emerging access to technologies that lead to the growth of social media platforms. The existence of present-day devices provides the creation of applications, programs and other networks that portrays an important role to every individual in terms of convenience. Social media platforms serve as interactive computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the emergence and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression through virtual communities and networks. It provides the ability to create a mere connection in the present society and to the functions of social media. However, social media platforms transmit messages and source of effective connectedness, there are factors that contribute to its negative impacts that affect every individual in the society. The social media platforms would formulate conclusions that want to give emphasis to the factors that cultivate the anxiety within a certain individual with the usage of the media that produces a certain condition of depression. While the Social Media platforms offer a lot of benefits, this will prove that there are instances that they have disadvantages that trigger to doubt, fear or uneasiness and literally to depression. There are studies that would link between spending extended time on social media and experiencing negative mental health outcomes. The benefits of the social media platforms will provide contrast to determine whether these media channels take advantage on the development of modern technologies in the virtual world and just simply produce the impact that would lead to the association of depression and anxiety. The traditional forms of communication are in the modes of television, radio, newspapers, magazines and other printed materials. As time goes by, developments sprouted that leads to the discovery of technology that brings life to modern devices. Advancements are very rampant until social media platforms are created. Different kinds of applications and functions are available to the people to give the easiest accessibility in the form of communication. People grab the opportunities that will lessen their difficulties especially to connect to all individuals in the world in just one click. The social media platforms continue to provide all the needed operations of the people on an everyday basis. In this certain situation, the forms of social media grow depends on the demand of the people. People are introduced to modern devices like cell phones, tablets, laptops, and computers. The growth of social media platforms formed a vital role in the lives of the people. Nowadays, people only think in reaching out to social media platforms in terms of challenges and difficulties because the mere fact that revolves around their mind is that everything can be found on the Internet. The Global Digital Report of 2018, provides a data that shows that there are 7.60 billion of people in the world and the number of internet users worldwide in 2018 is 4.02 billion up 7 percent year-on-year, social media users worldwide comes with 3.20 billion up 13 percent year-on-year and users of mobile phone is 5.14 billion up 4 percent year-on-year. This only exhibits almost half of the total population in the world are now swallowed by the means of the usage of social media. The total data continues to grow that would greatly conclude that social media platforms effectively influence and encourage the people to be updated and enjoy every feature that they can provide. The Delvalle organization classifies the social media platforms into; social networking, microblogging, blogging (publishing websites), photo sharing, video sharing, and crowdsourcing. The Social Networking includes; Facebook, Google+ and LinkedIn, Microblogging is composed of; Twitter and Tumblr, Blogging includes; WordPress and Blogger, photo sharing composed of; Instagram, Flickr, Snapchat and Pinterest, Video Sharing includes; YouTube, Vimeo, and Periscope and Crowdsourcing are formed with Ushahidi, Inc. Among these categories, there are applications that made a name on the Internet especially on how they are adopted by the people. According to Digital Guide 1&1, Facebook is widely considered to be the mother of all social media platforms and its most basic functions consist of providing an outlet for its members to communicate with each other as well as with private companies. The power of social media platforms gives complex perspectives on the range of its usage and the extent of people they have reached out in order to portray interaction in social, economic and even political views. As social media continues to develop, the scope of the people that use its features does not limit however it increases and form a society of innovations and susceptibility. In today's generations, every individual is much thankful to acquire all the developments from their ancestors that contributes to the idea of transformation and development of new phase and era. People don't need a lot of effort and hard works to achieve their desires and necessities. Even if you are just sitting down with the presence of modern devices, anything can be access, there a lot of things you can, A lot of the parents told their children that in their times, they have to exert all their strength and perseverance to overcome every challenge in life, unlike in this current situation we are facing, everything can be controlled in your own hands. The situations in the past are the major causes of advancements because there are people who are willing to discover new things and ideas to produce a different kind of impact that would change the world for the better. Sahara Donnely as an entrepreneur in a private company states that â€Å"In every era, cultures go through numerous changes, and in recent years ours have been more impacted than anything else by social media†. The generation today cannot deny the fact that the most influential factor that brings influence and convenience to each and everyone is the discovery of social media platforms. The forms of communication have grown efficiently to unite the people and to make an impact on the progress of the country even in the world with the appearances of the platforms of social media. The website of Webmasterview of Crystal Briscode encloses a statement that â€Å"It is a fact that social media has tremendously changed the way people interact and carry on with their lives†. People are contented with the offerings of social media and they are afraid to offer themselves in the opportunities in the real world. The application of social media platforms serves as an avenue where you can communicate, purchase and even form transactions. The functions of social media help the people to be informed and updated to every activity that made up our environment. The modern technologies and also the products itself through social media platforms brought changes in the habitual practices of an individual and affects also their ability to adapt in terms of the resiliency of life. Social Media platforms have molded the life of every individual to have comfort and happiness. The Internet has its own attributes to enhance the connection within the people. As life continues to provide us with different challenges, we must not be contented with the benefits of social media platforms. It is important to find your own self with your own purpose on this earth. People must not be deprived of the advantages of social media platforms, however, we must acquire the value of learning is able to face every difficulty with confidence. Social media platforms as the major contributors to accessibility and effective communication, they provide risks also in this digital world. The children of this modern generation focus on the benefits of the modern technologies especially on discovery of new gadgets, they are not even expose to their environment. They are lost in their own world and let the social media conquers them. One Report by the Royal Society for Public Health in the UK surveyed 1500 young people, ages 14-24, to determine the effects of social media use on issues such as anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and body image. The findings show that YouTube had the most positive impact, while Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat all had negative effects on mental health. The social media platforms are used by the people to find connection, acceptance, and happiness that they could not find within their environment. Heavy use of these media channels contributes to other harmful actions and addiction that let every individual be swallowed by the chances of innovations. According to Kessler et al., 2010, Mathers and Loncar, 2006, Depression and Anxiety are associated with substantially increased morbidity and mortality and one of the victims are the young adults and youth who are engaged with social media. It may also be that using a wide variety of different social media platforms subsequently leads to depressive and anxiety symptoms. Participation in many different social media platforms may lead to multitasking between platforms, which is known to be related to poor cognitive and mental health outcomes. (Becker et al., 2013). Another assumption that would provide an explanation to the usage of social media platforms states that a study published online in Computers in Human Behavior on December 10, 2016, found that the use of multiple social media platforms is more strongly associated with depression and anxiety among young adults than time spent online. Every social media platform is a different kind of world, people cannot resist the factors that affect them and leads to mood disorders. The engagement on the Internet does not free an individual to compare and be jealous thus it triggers to a more complex disorder of anxiety and depression. In the book of David Amerland entitled â€Å"The Social Media Mind†, he states, â€Å"Social Media is addictive precisely because it gives us something which the real world lacks; it gives us immediacy, direction, and value as an individual†. The social media platforms serve as our pathway in this digital world, it gives us the enjoyment of accessibility, communication, and entrepreneurial transactions. Anything that we need in our everyday living can be made through the Internet. The current events and opportunities nowadays are driven mostly by social media platforms. Even the modern technologies produced already a platform in the industry, the people behind it must focus also on the negative impacts of these channels to control any disorders that people can acquire because of different factors. Social media platforms serve as an awareness to limit oneself with the benefits they provide and most especially with the conflicts they produce in different circumstances. People in this world must learn how to make an impact on society and not focus on how to impress other people. Anything that can be found in social media platforms that can build anger and boastfulness must be prevented instead people must focus on the positivity in life that would implant the value of happiness and contentedness within themselves so that depression can be control and mitigates its unexpected effects. Modernization Modernization in this contemporary world gives birth to emerging access to technologies that lead to the growth of social media platforms. The existence of present-day devices provides the creation of applications, programs and other networks that portrays an important role to every individual in terms of convenience. Social media platforms serve as interactive computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the emergence and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression through virtual communities and networks. It provides the ability to create a mere connection in the present society and to the functions of social media. However, social media platforms transmit messages and source of effective connectedness, there are factors that contribute to its negative impacts that affect every individual in the society. The social media platforms would formulate conclusions that want to give emphasis to the factors that cultivate the anxiety within a certain individual with the usage of the media that produces a certain condition of depression. While the Social Media platforms offer a lot of benefits, this will prove that there are instances that they have disadvantages that trigger to doubt, fear or uneasiness and literally to depression. There are studies that would link between spending extended time on social media and experiencing negative mental health outcomes. The benefits of the social media platforms will provide contrast to determine whether these media channels take advantage on the development of modern technologies in the virtual world and just simply produce the impact that would lead to the association of depression and anxiety. The traditional forms of communication are in the modes of television, radio, newspapers, magazines and other printed materials. As time goes by, developments sprouted that leads to the discovery of technology that brings life to modern devices. Advancements are very rampant until social media platforms are created. Different kinds of applications and functions are available to the people to give the easiest accessibility in the form of communication. People grab the opportunities that will lessen their difficulties especially to connect to all individuals in the world in just one click. The social media platforms continue to provide all the needed operations of the people on an everyday basis. In this certain situation, the forms of social media grow depends on the demand of the people. People are introduced to modern devices like cell phones, tablets, laptops, and computers. The growth of social media platforms formed a vital role in the lives of the people. Nowadays, people only think in reaching out to social media platforms in terms of challenges and difficulties because the mere fact that revolves around their mind is that everything can be found on the Internet. The Global Digital Report of 2018, provides a data that shows that there are 7.60 billion of people in the world and the number of internet users worldwide in 2018 is 4.02 billion up 7 percent year-on-year, social media users worldwide comes with 3.20 billion up 13 percent year-on-year and users of mobile phone is 5.14 billion up 4 percent year-on-year. This only exhibits almost half of the total population in the world are now swallowed by the means of the usage of social media. The total data continues to grow that would greatly conclude that social media platforms effectively influence and encourage the people to be updated and enjoy every feature that they can provide. The Delvalle organization classifies the social media platforms into; social networking, microblogging, blogging (publishing websites), photo sharing, video sharing, and crowdsourcing. The Social Networking includes; Facebook, Google+ and LinkedIn, Microblogging is composed of; Twitter and Tumblr, Blogging includes; WordPress and Blogger, photo sharing composed of; Instagram, Flickr, Snapchat and Pinterest, Video Sharing includes; YouTube, Vimeo, and Periscope and Crowdsourcing are formed with Ushahidi, Inc. Among these categories, there are applications that made a name on the Internet especially on how they are adopted by the people. According to Digital Guide 1&1, Facebook is widely considered to be the mother of all social media platforms and its most basic functions consist of providing an outlet for its members to communicate with each other as well as with private companies. The power of social media platforms gives complex perspectives on the range of its usage and the extent of people they have reached out in order to portray interaction in social, economic and even political views. As social media continues to develop, the scope of the people that use its features does not limit however it increases and form a society of innovations and susceptibility. In today's generations, every individual is much thankful to acquire all the developments from their ancestors that contributes to the idea of transformation and development of new phase and era. People don't need a lot of effort and hard works to achieve their desires and necessities. Even if you are just sitting down with the presence of modern devices, anything can be access, there a lot of things you can, A lot of the parents told their children that in their times, they have to exert all their strength and perseverance to overcome every challenge in life, unlike in this current situation we are facing, everything can be controlled in your own hands. The situations in the past are the major causes of advancements because there are people who are willing to discover new things and ideas to produce a different kind of impact that would change the world for the better. Sahara Donnely as an entrepreneur in a private company states that â€Å"In every era, cultures go through numerous changes, and in recent years ours have been more impacted than anything else by social media†. The generation today cannot deny the fact that the most influential factor that brings influence and convenience to each and everyone is the discovery of social media platforms. The forms of communication have grown efficiently to unite the people and to make an impact on the progress of the country even in the world with the appearances of the platforms of social media. The website of Webmasterview of Crystal Briscode encloses a statement that â€Å"It is a fact that social media has tremendously changed the way people interact and carry on with their lives†. People are contented with the offerings of social media and they are afraid to offer themselves in the opportunities in the real world. The application of social media platforms serves as an avenue where you can communicate, purchase and even form transactions. The functions of social media help the people to be informed and updated to every activity that made up our environment. The modern technologies and also the products itself through social media platforms brought changes in the habitual practices of an individual and affects also their ability to adapt in terms of the resiliency of life. Social Media platforms have molded the life of every individual to have comfort and happiness. The Internet has its own attributes to enhance the connection within the people. As life continues to provide us with different challenges, we must not be contented with the benefits of social media platforms. It is important to find your own self with your own purpose on this earth. People must not be deprived of the advantages of social media platforms, however, we must acquire the value of learning is able to face every difficulty with confidence. Social media platforms as the major contributors to accessibility and effective communication, they provide risks also in this digital world. The children of this modern generation focus on the benefits of the modern technologies especially on discovery of new gadgets, they are not even expose to their environment. They are lost in their own world and let the social media conquers them. One Report by the Royal Society for Public Health in the UK surveyed 1500 young people, ages 14-24, to determine the effects of social media use on issues such as anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and body image. The findings show that YouTube had the most positive impact, while Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat all had negative effects on mental health. The social media platforms are used by the people to find connection, acceptance, and happiness that they could not find within their environment. Heavy use of these media channels contributes to other harmful actions and addiction that let every individual be swallowed by the chances of innovations. According to Kessler et al., 2010, Mathers and Loncar, 2006, Depression and Anxiety are associated with substantially increased morbidity and mortality and one of the victims are the young adults and youth who are engaged with social media. It may also be that using a wide variety of different social media platforms subsequently leads to depressive and anxiety symptoms. Participation in many different social media platforms may lead to multitasking between platforms, which is known to be related to poor cognitive and mental health outcomes. (Becker et al., 2013). Another assumption that would provide an explanation to the usage of social media platforms states that a study published online in Computers in Human Behavior on December 10, 2016, found that the use of multiple social media platforms is more strongly associated with depression and anxiety among young adults than time spent online. Every social media platform is a different kind of world, people cannot resist the factors that affect them and leads to mood disorders. The engagement on the Internet does not free an individual to compare and be jealous thus it triggers to a more complex disorder of anxiety and depression. In the book of David Amerland entitled â€Å"The Social Media Mind†, he states, â€Å"Social Media is addictive precisely because it gives us something which the real world lacks; it gives us immediacy, direction, and value as an individual†. The social media platforms serve as our pathway in this digital world, it gives us the enjoyment of accessibility, communication, and entrepreneurial transactions. Anything that we need in our everyday living can be made through the Internet. The current events and opportunities nowadays are driven mostly by social media platforms. Even the modern technologies produced already a platform in the industry, the people behind it must focus also on the negative impacts of these channels to control any disorders that people can acquire because of different factors. Social media platforms serve as an awareness to limit oneself with the benefits they provide and most especially with the conflicts they produce in different circumstances. People in this world must learn how to make an impact on society and not focus on how to impress other people. Anything that can be found in social media platforms that can build anger and boastfulness must be prevented instead people must focus on the positivity in life that would implant the value of happiness and contentedness within themselves so that depression can be control and mitigates its unexpected effects.

Components of Fitness Coursework

The health of someone is the state of mental, physical and social well being they are in. Most people think of health as a person who has or hasn't got a disease and illness. There are two main types of fitness that make up the way a person is, these are: physical fitness and motor fitness. Getting your fitness to its maximum and maintaining it is a very important and often difficult as it requires a lot of thought, time and effort. Athletes who over-train their bodies become weaker and are more likely to get diseases and illnesses. The components of physical fitness are reaction time, power, agility, balance, flexibility and co-ordination. The meaning of strength is â€Å"the ability to exert a force against a resistance†. An example of this is the strength needed by a weight lifter to lift a 200kg barbell. Mariusz Pudzianowski , the world's strongest man champion of 2008, has to train himself to lifting extremely heavy things such as cars, people, etc. some body builders also take steroids to improve their performance in many sports. This is considered illegal and the sports person that does this is disqualified from the sport they have taken part in. There are 3 different types of strength. The types of strength are: * Maximum strength – the greatest force that is possible in a single maximum contraction * Elastic strength – the ability to overcome a resistance with a fast contraction * Strength endurance – the ability to express force many times over Flexibility is the ability to perform a joint action through a variety of movement. The objective of flexibility training is to improve the range of movement a person can perform. In any movement there are two groups of muscles at work: * The main muscles which cause the movement to take place * opposing the movement and determining the amount of flexibility are the opposed muscles Alina Kabaeva is one of the world's most famous Russian athletes for being very flexible and is Russia's most successful gymnast. She improves her skills by training with her coach and by increasing the body joints to its full performance. Endurance is a muscle's ability to perform a maximum stamina time after time. An example of this is when somebody runs a race and is able to keep going from the start to the end. The objective of endurance is to develop stamina in a person's body for a long period of time. Speed is the quickness of movement. This is used in all types of sports in tackling and running. Speed is one of the main components of fitness. Sprinting is also included in speed. Sprinting is when a person uses all the energy they have left in them to increase their speed drastically. This is usually used at the end of a race after staying at a steady pace to save energy. Usain Bolt, the world's fastest man since the Olympics 2008 has been able to train himself to run at extreme speeds through various types of training, a healthy lifestyle and body composition In fitness, body composition describes the percentages of fat, bone and muscle in a person's body. Because muscle tissue takes up less space in our body than fat, both our body composition and our weight, determines the body composition. For example, if an obese person was to race an athlete that was in a healthy state, the person with more weight would lose because there is too much fat compared to his or her bone and muscle. Co-ordination is the ability to carry out a group of movements smoothly and efficiently. All sports need the coordination of eyes, hands and feet. Racket sports like tennis involve all coordination's of hands, eyes and feet. There are a few drills which can improve your hand-eye co-ordination like catching tennis balls in none hand for a minute and then changing hands. You can practice them on your own or with someone else but keep concentrating and you'll notice the difference. Tim Henman, Great Britain's number one tennis player has to do drills like this daily to improve his hand-eye co-ordination. Balance is the ability to control the body's position, either stationary or while moving. If this is done correctly, a person will be able to complete a series of moves without falling. Balance is usually used in sports like gymnastics or athletics. Sally Gunnell is an athlete that improves her balance by improving her motor skills. Another way to improve your balance is by improving posture. If this is done well, There could be a great improvement in balance. Agility is the ability to perform a series of explosive power movements in rapid succession in opposing directions. In various fields of sports competition, the body is constantly asked to perform movements from unfamiliar joint angles. If these are done correctly, the body is able to respond quickly to different angles that are needed in sporting events. An example for a sport that involves agility is athletics or on a trampoline. You can improve your agility by practicing the movements in training. An athlete that needs this for their profession is Dame Kelly Holmes Power is the ability to do strength performances quickly using almost all of your energy and normally with heavy things. The main parts of the body used in the process are the arm muscles as well as the legs to help the person balance themselves. Power is mainly used in sports involving lifting things that are heavy such as the hammer throw in the Olympics. An athlete that has done this in the Olympics is Alex Smith. The final component for skill related fitness is reaction time. This is the time taken to respond to a stimulus. An example would be reacting to the starting pistol at the start of a 100m race. It important in many sports and activities and depends on the nervous system mostly. This can be improved through practice or training. Different people have different reaction times because of the nervous system. A person with good reaction time is Usain Bolt. Alcohol, smoking and drugs all affect a sports performer's lifestyle in negative ways. George Best died of liver failure because of his drinking problems and this ruined his life before as well. It earlier stopped him from playing football before he had a transplant. Some people use steroid pills, gels, creams, or injections because they think steroids can improve their sports performance or the way they look. Nathan Allen was banned from the Olympic gamed this year because of the steroid pills she took to enhance her performance. She has been banned for two years. This type of drug abuse can get a person banned from any sport there if it is found out. There have been many top athletes who smoke. Zinedine Zidane, a famous French football player caused a small gossip when he was photographed before an important 2006 World Cup game smoking a cigarette. Smoking can wreck your lungs and reduce oxygen available for muscles used during sports. They also run slower and can't run as far, affecting overall athletic performance. This affects people's performance in a negative way as it could possibly end their career. Despite all the tobacco use on TV and in different types of media, no athlete does smoke as it could change their lives completely by making them lose all fame and fortune! Many athletes sleep poorly during the night before a major competition or after crossing several time zones to compete, but most athletes aren't sure exactly how this loss of sleep will affect their performances. One problem in figuring out how no sleep influences exercise ability and scientists or doctors don't completely understand sleep itself. Too much sleep is not good for you but neither is no sleep is worse. If a performer doesn't sleep, his performance in a game will be poor and can be removed from the team.

Analyze one week of world economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Analyze one week of world economy - Essay Example Prices slide the better part of the week resulting in weak sales everywhere excluding gasoline. There were declines in sales at food and beverages businesses, clothing retailers and auto dealers offset by unpretentious gains in online retailers, restaurants and bars and home improvements. The control and organize group that excludes gas, building materials, car sales and food services shows a superior consumer enough spending. Although the sizeable decline in the prices of gasoline was foreseen as to enhance general consumer spending, these never happened. Due to the falling in gasoline sales inflation rate dropped, as a gallon of gas prices fell by 18 percent in the week as a result of seasonal adjustments. Personal saving rate also jumped up to 4.9 percent. Moreover, retail sales fell unexpectedly in the week but started rising. However, China economies continue to weaken with the rate of inflation reaching zero. There was a decrease in consumer prices while producer prices plunged unexpectedly. China trade industry of export was inclining. There was a decline in imports and was contributed by the drop in petroleum prices. Japanese economy recovered from the recession and grew with 2.2 percent shaking off the stagnation. Consumer behavior remained soft as the exports increased tremendously. Inflation rate has been moved from the previous rate of 2percent. The gross domestic product noticed an increase of 0.6 percent and the depreciated yen drove up exports further high. Private consumption that takes up to 60 percent of the Japanese economy rose up 0.3 percent. Global economy is slowly and gradually growing and is estimated to grow at 3 percent in the year of 2015.The acceleration was mainly driven by mature economies such as America and the Euro Area mainly because of the decrease in oil

2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami - Essay Example TOver the years the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and the Tsunami has been named in different ways. Due to the Tsunami South Asian countries were deeply affected and that is why it is also known as South Asian tsunami. It is very important to know the reasons behind this mammoth natural calamity. The earthquake and the Tsunami took place because two Tectonic Plates sub ducted with each other. In more precise way, India Plate sub ducted with Burma Plate. This subduction caused a cascading effect of destructive Tsunami. Those Tsunamis shattered the countries bordering with the Indian Ocean. Lives of the coastal communities were significantly hampered by the gigantic tides. Tides were as high as 30mtrs and inundated different coastal belts of several South Asian countries. Indonesia was the worst hit country because epicentre was nearby the Sumatra only. According to the seismographic readings, it was the 3rd largest earthquake. The severity of the earthquake was backed up by the duratio n of its tremor. The quake continued for almost 10 minutes. The hypocenter of the quake was located almost 160 KM far from the western part of the Sumatra. The magnitude of the earthquake was so severe that the tremor was felt simultaneously in different countries like India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Singapore and Thailand. According to the findings of different researches, collision of Tectonic Plates removed enormous amount of water and created significantly powerful shock waves in the various direction which caused this catastrophic disaster.  

Religions of the Pacific Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Religions of the Pacific - Research Paper Example Indonesia is greatly influenced by India and has been for the previous 2 two thousand years. India is a nation of Islamic faith and has influenced such believes among the Indonesian population. However, the remaining countries have maintained international isolation in terms of religion. Their beliefs have been greatly influenced by their indigenous culture and the small communities seem to have developed their own specific rituals through out the years. The pacific area is a typical modern example of primal religions; however, a lot of criticism has been put on the amount of intrusion being instigated by the European nations. This interference from Europe has continued to increase throughout the sixteenth century right until the twenty first. The interference has led to the adoption of European cultural beliefs and lifestyle among the locals of the pacific regions. There has been a lot of biasness in the past when reporters wrote about the religious beliefs of people in the pacific. Recently however research has become more neutral and researchers are starting to use opinions of the natives in their surveys. Current research involves the analysis of indigenous beliefs and the impact European culture and religion has had on the people’s lifestyle. It also tries to compare the difference between modern times in the pacific and the way of the life in the ancient times. The three most popular religious beliefs in the pacific include Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. This paper will analyze these religions in detail and try to compare and contrast the difference between each of them. Firstly, the paper will analyze Hinduism which is a popular religion among the residents of the pacific region. This religion in the pacific comes under the influence of the Indian subcontinent. The religion is comprised of Shaivism, Srauta and Vaishnavism which are the main traditions followed, there are however numerous other smaller traditions (Flood, n.p). Hinduism is regulated by several laws within the religion which determine the lifestyle members are expected to live. The laws are centered on daily morality and include respecting social norms, dharma and karma (Flood, n.p). The religion is based on intellect and is a combination of philosophical theories. Unlike most religions, it is not based on a strict preset standard of rules. The religion does not have one single founder and was created numerous diverse ideologies. It is traced back to the historical Vedic religion of Iron Age India; hence, the general consensus is that Hinduism is the longest existing religion. The religion is estimated to have a following of approximately 1 billion followers which is the third largest congregation after Islam and Christianity. The religion is broadly classified into into four categories which are Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shundras (Flood, n.p). The Brahims are the priests and the heads and teachers in the church. The Kshatriyas are the noblem en and fighters (in war situations and protection of the land). The Vaishayas are the businessmen and the Shudras are the working class (Flood, n.p). Hinduism beliefs are a combination of many small traditions hence it is difficult classify it as a solitary religion. It believes in freedom of worship and belief and visualizes the world as a single family with one purpose. This means the religion accepts all views because labeling any religion false would symbolize a separation in identity hence oppose the primary belief that the world is one family (Flood, n.p). The religion is henotheistic, hence accepts the existence of other Gods and each individual has the right to choose the one which he/she believes in and worships. The

Finance - Securities Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance - Securities Analysis - Essay Example www.facebook.com and a home page will appear to request you to put in your credentials that are if you have an account in. Alternatively if, one does not have an account you can still register for one by following basic steps. Simply I can invest in facebook. This is because facebook can guarantee you a triple income of what you invested. By selling a single share at $38 facebook has a returning market cap of $104 billion. Just for the record, at the time of the actual IPO opening when NASDAQ was printing shares one could see them post at the Etrade Market Depth tab. Mind you, trade had actually not yet begun, and so what Etrade staff told me was "these were trades being entered". I believed that. The share prices ranged from ask and bid at 45 to 60, then jumped to 100, then 150 and finally 200. The asking price for FB at about 11:20 to 11:30 was 200 bucks. At some point this morning the SEC stopped trade because of short sellers. But whats getting missed is that many buyers, some of them had to be institutional, were willing to pay as much as 200 bucks a share on the IPO offering time. Why do I know this? Both the Market Depth tab and also NASDAQs staff member confirmed, this is "what customers were will ing to offer". NOW then, whats Facebooks valuation? The short sellers were trying to get the stock to below 30 dollars IMHO when SEC stepped in today the 21st. That indicates their willingness to resort to whatever means are necessary. This climate of criminality and greed is working against not only stock investors but also the USA itself. Holding 200 shares for a recovery, (NOT acquired the enormous price btw) and may buy more if they go down again tomorrow. On the 21st shares dropped to 33.00. They may fall more, but the markets too are in a moment of volatility regardless of the one Monday up to date. This was bank stimulated, and when the terrible news seeps back from across the pond again, right back to square

North Movie Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

North Movie Review - Essay Example The researcher of this essay states that this movie is an ideal example of the failure of a marketing plan. The movie is â€Å"North†. Released in 1994, â€Å"North† is a movie based on a novel by Alan Zweibel. Though it was directed by famous Rob Reiner, who directed movies like â€Å"When Harry Met Sally†, â€Å"The Princess bride† and â€Å"the Sure thing†, that were well-known and greatly accepted by the critics, still the movie lacks a strong plot. The story revolves around a kid named North, is panic stricken about his parent’s arguments and wants to divorce them. The researcher also states that actors in the movie did well. However, some portion of the movie was just superfluous and can be trimmed. The audience feedbacks and the critic’s reviews disclose an important characteristic, â€Å"Audience too has brains and they are not fools.† Technology, special effects, lots of money, good actors etc. all will go in vain if th e storyline is not appealing. The researcher then concluds that not only a movie was badly written and had meaningless characters in it, such as a cowboy, a beach bum and the Easter bunny, but also the movie has a negative impact on the kids of the society because all the kids got influenced by the movie and kept on threatening to leave their parents like North did in the film. One more thing can be concluded from the review is that a plan should be tested on the maker himself before he decides to launch it in the market. Similarly the director would have analyzed the taste of his audience before making â€Å"North†.

Impacts of a borderless society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impacts of a borderless society - Essay Example Both of my meals were made at home from ingredients bought at the local grocery store. Except for the ground beef and the lettuce, all the other ingredients were prepared somewhere else and assembled by me to make the meal. The following chart shows each ingredient and the place it was manufactured. None of these ingredients were manufactured outside the United States, so in one sense the food is local—it was manufactured in this country. But there is no easy way to find out where the wheat, corn, and other ingredients in the final product were produced. The list of ingredients on the Alfredo sauce jar is quite long, for instance, and all those things had to be shipped from somewhere so the manufacturer could assemble the product. In fact, the cheese was probably manufactured somewhere outside the Kentucky plant and shipped there, so its ingredient’s origins are unknown but probably shipped. DeWeerdt (2009) notes there is a distinction between shipping by truck or by rail, for instance, so it is possible that even if the ingredients started out 1,500 miles away from the manufacturer, if they were shipped by rail the impact would be less than if they were shipped by truck. While I was researching the global market for this essay, a National Geographic article (Bourne Jr., 2009) offered some very telling statistics as a framework for understanding how the food I eat fits into the larger global picture. In 2007, for instance, the globe had 61 days worth of food stockpiled (para. 2). This is not only food for humans; the animals we raise to eat also consume grain, and our cars even consume grain by using ethanol (para. 16; DeWeerdt, 2009, para. 17). If all agricultural production stopped, in two months the entire world would be out of food. Bourne also notes that â€Å"the poorest billion people on the planet†¦spend 50 to 70

Health Administarion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Health Administarion - Essay Example As a result, there is a conflict of languages among the staff and the patients. The primary problem that is faced in this context is to assess that the staff has correctly noted the prescription which the doctor has prescribed and whether they are implementing the organization’s rules and regulations. The Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) is a self-assessment tool that has been designed for the public health care agencies and organizations in United States to self-assess their communication among staff and patients of diverse cultures and population (COSMOS Corporation, 3-5). There are several questionnaires that the organizations need to fill and then to assess whether there is effective communication and implementation of rules and regulations in the organization or not. There are several important aspects that helps to ensure that the patients of middle class backgrounds are able to understand the prescription and medical advice from the doctor. For instance, the effective use of verbal and non-verbal communication in a way that they do not conflict with the cultures of the respective patients. According to OHIO State Medical Centre, the most effective way to improve communication in a culturally diverse population is to hire medical interpreters who can interpret the medical prescription in the language of the patient (p.7). Thus, eliminating the problem of language barrier. Effective Verbal and Written Communication with Those from other Cultures, OHIO State Medical Centre (2010). Web. Link: http://medicine.osu.edu/sitetool/sites/pdfs/ahecpublic/Writing_for_other_cultures.pdf Developing a Self-Assessment Tool for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Local Public Health Agencies, COSMOS Corporation (2003). Web. Link:

Henry David Thoreau Civil Disobedience Research Paper - 1

Henry David Thoreau Civil Disobedience - Research Paper Example In addition to that, the slavery which caused intense issues in England motivated Thoreau to write this article. After seeing and experiencing the intolerable environment, Thoreau first gave a speech in 1848. This speech later took form of an essay and then was known as the â€Å"Civil Disobedience†. According to Thoreau, a man’s own opinion matters a lot and is in no way derogatory to the political decision. If a political decision is taken for the mankind, a man’s own decision is also very important for himself and his loved ones. So it is wrong to nullify that personal decision in order to bring their (governments’) own perspective. As Thoreau says: â€Å"[i]t is not desirable to cultivate a respect for the law, so much as for the right. The only obligation which I have a right to assume is to do at any time what I think right... Law never made men a whit more just; and, by means of their respect for it, even the well-disposed are daily made the agents of injustice† (Thoreau). Thoreau goes on to say that an individual should not be tagged as a traitor or rebel only because he disagrees with the government’s point of view because he has the right to have his own opinion and to practice his own beliefs. Thoreau’s writing style, when it comes to this essay, is quite blunt and straightforward. Moreover considering the political upheaval of that time, the American Mexican War and the issue of slavery, writing this essay was a gigantic and a bold step. In his essay, Thoreau also gives references to the Massachusetts environment and writes: â€Å"who (people of Massachusetts) are more interested in commerce and agriculture than they are in humanity, and are not prepared to do justice to the slave and to Mexico,  cost what it may... There are thousands who are in opinion opposed to slavery and to the war, who yet in effect do nothing to put an end to them† (Thoreau). Thoreau shares his opinion about the

The Right Passenger Essay Example for Free

The Right Passenger Essay The taxi driver Nadeem Riaz, is driving through Manhattan looking for new passengers. Then on a corner he picks up a couple, Riaz thinks that the boy could be from South Asia because of his brown skin. The girl I Caucasian. Riaz thinks that the couple may have had too much to drink, and that is the reason for the boy to be showing token respect for Riaz. Then Riaz starts hearing lips smacking and the uncomfortable sound of cloth squirming, and because of that he decides to lengthen the trip. Riaz asks the boy if he is married, but the boy just waves him off, which makes Riaz want to kick them out of the taxi. The girl gets of first, so it is just the boy and Riaz left in the taxi. They start talking about how they both use the country, and the boy says that even if he trifles with this one girl, Riaz is messing with the whole country. When they arrive to the boy’s street he is sleeping, and when he gets out of the car he do not pay Riaz the $42. 80 he owe for the ride. Nadeem Riaz is a taxi driver who has been driving taxi in eight years, he is an immigrant in America and has a green card so he can work. Riaz seems to be a nice man, who believes in tradition and that the boy he is driving should be in a marriage, set up by his parents. Riaz believes in God, and listens to the Holy Quran so he is Muslim. He begins making assumptions about the boy; he should be married, he is probably from a rich family and his parents are probably fat and sated. But he admits to himself that he does not really know and he cannot be sure. By admitting that he does not know anything about the boy and his family shows that he is not a man with prejudices. One of the times when the boy talks to Riaz with a brash tone, Riaz is thinking that if he were a better man, he would kick them out of his taxi. But he decides to finish his job. This shows that he is a man who takes his job serious. When Riaz and the boy are having a discussion about living in USA, the boy says that Riaz is using the country, which makes Riaz defending why he is doing what he do to provide for his family. This shows that Riaz is proud to be able to provide for his family, being a taxi driver may not be his dream job, but he gets by. In the end where he let the boy go without paying Riaz shows that he is good of heart. The discussion Riaz and the boy have, makes Riaz think about some things he usually does not think about. This young boy comes in with his big mouth and modern opinions and tells Riaz that â€Å"even if I’m trifling with her, she’s only one American – you’re messing with the whole country! † To make an accusation like that is unrespect full. He comes in, say a bunch of stuff about a man he does not know, and thinks he can say these things without any consequences for the poor man who dreamed about this beautiful country and believed that he could make a new start. I do not think it was Riaz’s intention to be a taxi driver when he first came to America, but that is the way it turned out. And then this boy comes in and tells him he is messing with the whole country, and when the boy said what he wanted he tells Riaz not to think too hard about what he said. But even after saying these things to Riaz he just gets out of the taxi without paying what he owe. To come from an eastern land, would be the same as coming from the poles to the tropics. The culture is very different from one another, if you take Nadeem Riaz as an example you can see that he believes in arranged marriages, and respect for the elders. Back in his own country he was a respected man who owned a spare- part shop, and now he is a simple â€Å"cabby†, one of thousands of taxi drivers. Nadeem Riaz comes from the land Pakistan where 97% of the population are Muslims, that is a lot of people sharing the same belief and have the same values. For those people to come to a land where 11% does not have a religion, and the ones that believe in god are a mix of protestants, Jews, catholic and so on, it must be very confusing. Also the laws in America are very different from the laws in Pakistan. So for example coming from an eastern land to America can be a huge challenge, like it would be a huge challenge for Americans to live in Pakistan.

Notorious Movie Overview And Analysis Film Studies Essay

Notorious Movie Overview And Analysis Film Studies Essay Notorious is a film made in 2009 based on the true story of the life of Christopher Wallace. The film starts out with at a party in 1997 in Los Angeles. Wallace, otherwise known by his stage name the Notorious Big (he is also known as Biggie Smalls, Big Poppa, and Frank White) is sitting in a throne overseeing a party to promote the release of his second album. He is watching as people are dancing to his music and having fun. Then it shows Biggie riding in his car leaving with his crew. They pull up to a read light and a black Impala pulls up to the right of them. Biggie is sitting in the passenger seat up front. The driver in Impala pulls out a gun and fires a shot at Wallace. The film then cuts to the beginning of Christophers life in. The movie follows 3 main characters, Christopher Wallace, his mother Voletta, and his friend, D-Roc. His parents moved from Jamaica and his father left him when he was young. It shows him in 1983 when he was 10 years old, and growing up in the street s of Brooklyn, New York. He is sitting outside his school with one of his classmates and singing some raps from songs that he likes. Him and D-Roc, then discuss how they are going to be famous one day, then get teased by some girls playing on the playground. Then Voletta, comes and picks him up to walk him home, since the streets are too dangerous for a kid to be walking by himself. His mother refuses to let him walk passed the stoop to their apartment alone. One day, when Biggie was 12, he was rapping on the apartment stoop. He saw all the kids out in the streets with gold and expensive jackets. He decided that he would have to disobey his mother and leave the porch. Chris goes out and meets D-Roc, and he shows him all the ropes to drug dealing and selling crack in the streets. He spends his free time rap battling other rappers for fun. Biggie begins to love making money and buying things. He says, Those gangsters were addicted to coke on the first hit, but I was addicted to money from the first sale The movie then jumps to when Big Poppa is 17. He makes crack underneath his bed, and has skipped many school days to advance in the drug dealing game. He has an internal conflict when he realizes he doesnt want to live an average life, and doesnt want to go to school. He then goes on a date with his girlfriend Jan. He finds out he will be a father soon. He goes home and his mom finds out that he has been skipping school. They get in a fight over this. Christopher then has an external conflict with her because he tells her Jan is pregnant, and this makes him seem even more irresponsible. His mom also discovers the coke under his bed and realizes that he has been drug dealing. She kicks him out of the house. Biggie gets caught dealing and goes to jail. He becomes depressed and writes his thoughts into raps. He comes out and starts dealing again so he can support Jan and the baby. People realize how good of a rapper he is with his new material from jail. Him and D-R oc get caught dealing again, and D-Roc takes the fall for biggie, because he already was arrested and he realizes how much potential he has. Biggie was sent free, but felt terrible for D-Roc and very selfish. He decides he owes it to D-Roc to become a famous rapper. He meets Sean Puffy Combs, a producer for a small record label, who promises him a record deal. Then Puffy tells Biggie that he had been fired from his job, and that it would be tough to get him a label. Biggie finds out that his mother has breast cancer, and wants to make money to pay for the surgery to remove a lump in her chest. He has an internal conflict because he feels that he cant make it big and support his mom and make D-Roc proud. Puffy forms his own label, Bad Boy Records, and Biggie goes into the recording studio. During all of this, Biggie is cheating on Jan for a girl named Kim Jones. He rarely spends time with his daughter. He then meets Faith and marries her after knowing her for 3 weeks. He totally disr egards Jan, Kim and his mother. Biggie releases his first album, Ready to Die, because of all the bad things going around in his life. He makes it big and becomes famous. He starts going to parties with famous rapper, Tupac Shakur, from Los Angeles. One of the members of Biggies crew sees him in the streets and tells him to come up to their hotel room. Somebody shoots Tupac and he thinks Biggie set him up. An external conflict breaks out between Biggie and Tupac, as well as East and West coast rappers. Tupac and Biggie become enemies and people their shows start fights over the rivalry. The conflict becomes so serious that Biggie calls Jan, Faith, his mom and his children in for one last dinner. The eat and then Biggie departs into L.A. To promote his new album, Life after Death. It then goes to the climax, which was the begging scene where Biggie gets shot and killed. It reaches its resolution. He becomes recognized as one of the greatest rappers to ever live, and the East vs. West coast rivalry overcome their differences after his death. People on the East coast dance and sing to his music, and mourn his death in the streets. His mom sees how much of an impact he had. Part 2: The Execution There are some specific techniques the director used to enhance the film. One would be the High Angel shot. It is used when Biggie is in Jail and writing lyrics to show he is powerless and hopeless. It is also used when Biggie is in the West coast and is getting harassed by Tupac fans. Another film technique would be the low key lighting when Biggie is drug dealing. The dim lights show that the business is dark and wrong to do. It uses a flash back after showing Christophers death, then goes to the beginning of his life. This is used to gain interest to new audiences, as they will want to see exactly how and why he died. Non-Digetic sound is used throughout the film. His music is played in the background. Songs that he wrote about specific times in his life are played during those times in the movie to show how good of a story teller and rapper he is.

Transport Company Marketing Plan

Transport Company Marketing Plan We all make use of the services provided by transportation companies. Now we are going to discuss a) transport for London, and b) First transforming travel. Both Companies are U.Ks Transportation companies. First is the largest UK rail operator carrying 270m passenger every year. It operates rail passenger services and Britains largest bus operator services. In North America First is the largest provider of student transportation carrying 3 million students every day. London underground ltd. Carry over 3 million passenger a day run 500 trains in the peak hours own 253 stations with over 12,000 staff. London bus network is largest and most comprehensive urban transport systems in the world. Each weekday over 6500 scheduled buses carry around 6 million passengers over 700 different routes, total of 1.7 billion passengers a year. Now discussing to our two companies Strategy Planning is the managerial process of creating a business strategy to obtain a fit between the organisations resources and objectives and evolving market opportunities. First is the leader in providing reliable, safe, innovative and sustainable transport services. Although First is a global business, it aims to be in its approach. This means that local issues are dealt with by the people live in local area. While in tfl a) Supporting economic development and population growth, b) Enhancing the quality of life for all Londoners, c) Improving the safety and security of all Londoners, d) improving transport opportunities for all Londoners, e) reducing transports contribution to climate change and improving its resilience, and lastly f) delivering for the London 2012 Games and securing a lasting legacy. Before discussing the process of developing sound Business Strategy Plan, it might be pertinent to ask what a business strategy is in the first place. Business strategy, alternatively referred to as competitive strategy or just strategy, refers to taking decisions on the six key areas The product markets in which the business is to compete. The level of investment. Functional strategies required to compete in the selected product market. Functional strategies required to compete in the selected product Markets. Developing suitable and sustainable competitive advantages. Allocating resources over several business units. Developing synergies between the different business units. Now we will discuss the objective of studying the both of Travel Organisation And will try to point out favouring /unfavouring with implementing PESTEL and Porters 5 forces. But before that we would try to focus on implementation of SWOT analysis of both the Organisation. (S)trengths:- In UK to run a business would be simple if the director and the managers had to think about what went on inside the business. First travel employs over 1, 35,000 staff throughout in UK North America and moves more than 2.5 billion passenger a year. For TFL strength already we have discussed. It has a vast experience to the people of UK, in their day to day life. (W)eaknesses:- As we know First Travel deals with only some of the local part of UK. In the same way TFL is also dealing only some of the part of UK. Both of the companies cant deal with globally which leads to weak global control over operations. (O)pportunities:- Now a days people are more prices spending conscious so if both of travel companies think globally there are more chances for growing in international Market. In world market both companies can expand their operations and can make good profit resulting in healthy stands in todays competitive market. (T)hreats:- TFL nowadays is so success that is why other local competitor are criticising the efficiency of company and they are trying to pull the leg behind. Almost same is the situation with First Travel. We know both of companies are UK base so the key issue are same and SWOT analysis will be similar. However business planners have also to understand what goes on outside the business. Businesses are able to identify external changes that may affect it by carrying out a PESTLE analysis. This is a business tools in which each of the letters in PESTLE describes a type of change that takes place in the external business environment. Many of these external changes may be outside the control of the, like new government legislation. Some changes may present a threat to the business like competitor using new improved technology. Social changes may bring opportunities for example worker from outside country will bring new skills to the employment market. Environmental impacts such as emissions of smoke causing carbon dioxide. A business must assess what external changes are likely and which it needs to react to or take advantage of. Business planners can then create strategies to help the business respond effectively. We use the term Business Strategy to refer to a plan for a group of related products. First Travel TFL Strategy relates to its transportation plans and takes into account the entire PESTLE factors in its environment. PESTL Analysis (P)olitical Factors:- Transport services are the heart of the UK economy which moves to people to school, colleges, job place and basic requirement at home, and businesses. In the year 1980s, the government started to private base bus services in the UK. It believed that allowing private firms to compete to run bus services would keep prices low and ensure companies would try harder to give customers what they wanted. The result has been more efficient, innovative and sustainable bus services. Government operates at two levels -National level and Local level. First Travel believes in providing local solutions, therefore it concentrates on working closely with local government. Same way TFL is operates National level covering whole London trying to cover UK also. A key government policy affecting all transport services relates to the reduction of CO2 emissions, therefor the UK government has signed on an international treaty-the Kyoto Protocol. Countries which sign the agreement intend to the reduce the emission of harmful gases. This can succeed only through partnership with business. A good example of this is the government initiative to encourage more children to use Bus or Rail services rather than travelling to school by car or other means. First as well as TFL both have produced a Climate Change Strategy which shapes every action the company takes. This is a part of vision to Transform Travel It wants to change how people feel about public transport by delivering the highest levels of services and customer satisfaction. This involves recognising its responsibility to reduce CO2 emissions to as low as possible. Tram, bus and rail travel create less pollution than other forms of transport, but there is still room to improve. Key element of Climate Change include: Improving the fuel efficiency of its vehicles Purchasing vehicles with greater fuel efficiency Using alternative fuels, such as biodiesel Operational improvements through driver training and new technology to monitor driver performance. (E)conomic Factors:- Businesses need to make money to continue to exist. They do this by listening to customers to ensure they keep their customers and new ones with good services that customers want and need. First Travel changes in demand from customers, for example First responded to increased demand in the Neath valley in Wales working closely with the Neath Port Council to run improved services .Another good example for First travel designed to start special pilot services with the student in mind. Londoners want more economical improvement s such as the new London Over ground rail service, further reductions in the numbers of people killed and seriously injured on Londons road as well as the better air quality that the low omission zone will deliver. With more than 10 million journeys made each day on tube and bus alone, TFLs challenge remains improving the level of passenger services while delivering the projects of its 10 bn. Pound Investment Programme. Another economic factor affecting business is taxation. High tax on fuel encourages customers to switch from using cars to more economical nbus and rail transport. Congestion charges in cities like London also encourage drivers to switch to other forms of transport. (S)ocial Factors:- Social changes may have a major impact on business:- The number of older people in the UK is rising. There are more people with bus passes in this country than ever before. The local authority pays for providing service. Many elderly people prefer to travel by bus because it is convenient and safe. Societys habits and tastes are changing. People are more aware of the importance of the environment and becoming green consumers. Green consumer prefer goods and services that are environmentally-friendly and which have less impact on the environment. The green consumer, for example prefers to travel by bus or train than by air or in a large car. People are now more mobile and travel more. Following are some Statistics record produced by the Department of Transport pick out some major trends. National Rail use increased, with 1.2 billion passenger journeys made-a rise of 8% on the previous year. Passenger journeys on local buses in UK rose by 4% in the year. Passenger journeys on light rail systems in UK increased by 9%. In London, bus and light rail passenger journey grew by 6% in the year. The average age of the national bus fleet fell from 8.4% to 8.1% years. The market is growing and more people are realising the benefits of a more environmentally-friendly form of transport. (T)echnological Factors: Businesses are continually developing new technologies to provide the best solutions for the market place. Intelligent companies find out what the most appropriate technologies are for their businesses and use them. This is particularly true in transport. A good example of this is in the provision of buses that lower the floor for the easy entry. These provide better accessibility for disabled and elderly people. TFL has Docklands Light Railways (DLR) which uses an automatic train control system, which is monitored by the permanently staffed control centre located at Poplar. Signalling is based on the Seltrac system, developed by Alcatel (Canada), which uses the latest moving block technology. In other words we can say if the businesses adopt better technology results in a smooth running and making more profit. (L)egal Factors: Legal changes that affect business are closely tied up with political ones. Many changes in the law stem government policy. Many of these laws are Europe-wide for example, the standards for transport vehicle emissions. Another requirement is like companies need to buy Carbon Credits. These credits will permit companies to generate specific quantities of carbon emissions. A new front facing cameras to halt speeding motorists. The brakes are set up on speeding drivers who attempt to avoid penalty points. Now from the above discussion it is possible to see PESTEL factors as threats. However First Travel and TFL both prefer to see them as opportunities. Social trends are creating increasing numbers of passengers seeking comfortable easy to access all types of transport means. Government pressure is encouraging more and more individuals to use public transport. Many people are seeking a greener form of transport. A detailed PESTEL analysis helps both the companies to make appropriate plans to rise to the changing environment. Both the businesses are able to move forward with confidence and grow its business. Porters Five Forces:- As Porters 5 Forces analysis deals with factors outside an industry that influence the nature of competition within it, the forces inside the industries (microenvironment) that influence the way in which firms compete, and so the industrys likely profitability is conducted in Porters 5 forces model. Understanding the nature of each of these forces gives organisations the necessary insight to enable them to formulate the appropriate strategies to be successful in their market (Thurby, 1998) This analysis can be applied with the SWOT analysis of the firms. From the following Diagram of Porter 5 Forces we can get transparency of the analysis. Diagram of Porters 5 Forces SUPPLIER POWER Supplier concentration Importance of volume to supplier Differentiation of inputs Impact of inputs on cost or differentiation Switching costs of firms in the industry Presence of substitute inputs Threat of forward integration Cost relative to total purchases in industry BARRIERS TO ENTRY Absolute cost advantages Proprietary learning curve Access to inputs Government policy Economies of scale Capital requirements Brand identity Switching costs Access to distribution Expected retaliation Proprietary products THREAT OF  SUBSTITUTES Switching costs Buyer inclination to  substitute Price-performance trade-off of substitutes BUYER POWER Bargaining leverage Buyer volume Buyer information Brand identity Price sensitivity Threat of backward integration Product differentiation Buyer concentration vs. industry Substitutes available Buyers incentives DEGREE OF RIVALRY Exit barriers Industry concentration Fixed costs/Value added Industry growth Intermittent overcapacity Product differences Switching costs Brand identity Diversity of rivals Corporate stakes (Source: gstatic.com) Threat of New Entrants: The UK Transport is primary dominated by few competitors. In our case study both of i.e. First Travel TFL Both dominate the market though to survive in the market and if they are not better off to the passenger another private company may attack. Barriers to Entrants: Both the companies have made a very high barrier for new Entrants so it will be very much difficult for new companies Bargaining Power of customer: There are more chances of customer to have an alternative mode of transportation. Bargaining power of supplier: There are less chances of alternate of transportation but the customer are more price convenience conscious. The marketing Mix: The selected target markets are targeted with a marketing mix which is a unique blend of product, pricing, distribution and communication strategies, created to produce mutually satisfying exchanges with a target market. Distribution is referred to as place and communication as promotion, thus giving us the four Ps of marketing of the marketing mix: Product, Place, Price, and Promotion. Over the years several more Ps have got added to the marketing mix such as Positioning, Packaging, People and Process. The strategies for each of components cannot be decided upon independently. The strategies must complement each other and blend together very well for the marketing plan to be successful. The best promotion strategy and lowest price cannot save a bad product. So also the best product will not sell unless there is an appropriate distribution and communication strategy in place. If we apply the above marketing mix strategy in our both of our companies we can say that it will be very fruitful result. Market Segmentation and Targeting: A market segment is a group of individuals or organisations that primarily share homogeneous need as well as other common characteristics such as age, gender, income lifestyles or values. These common variables can run into hundreds and because of shared needs and characteristics, it likely that such individuals will have relatively similar product needs. A marketing plan begins by identifying the various market segments in a given market. The next step is to conduct a segment attractiveness analysis depending on the size, sales potential and competitive factors. The firm now decides selects one or more segments that it chooses to target with its marketing strategy. A fundamental rule of marketing is that If you are not thinking of your marketing in terms of target markets, you are thinking nothing. Conclusion: In a nutshell we can say Business strategies are the basis of all marketing decisions and strategies of the firms. The goal of all business strategy is to achieve long term profitability and Sustainable Growth for the organisation.

The Mathematical Connections in the De Stijl movement Essays -- Essays

The Mathematical Connections in the De Stijl movement De Stijl or â€Å"The Style† is a movement that originated in Holland with the first publication of the periodical De Stijl in 1917. The works produced took art to a whole new level, pushing creativity to the new modern era. The emergence of the De Stijl movement coincided with constructivism in Russia, with influences from Cubism and the artist Kadinsky. However, the movement was not confined to just one art form. Similar to the Blue Rider and Bauhaus movements, De Stijl spanned to other forms of art like sculpture, furniture design, architecture, and graphic design. The movement continued up until the last published issue of De Stijl in 1931. Major contributors to the group include Piet Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg, and Georges Vantongerloo. These artists helped to define the De Stijl through their use of form and geometry inspired by mathematics. The De Stijl movement is recognizable in the simplistic use of forms on a plane. Pieces produced during the period of the periodical’s production are distinguished from other abstract work of the time in this use of geometry. Unlike Cubism, De Stijl is more structured and less interested in conveying a particular object through analysis of the different perspectives. The De Stijl went beyond such an interpretation and headed towards a more utopian goal of perfect balance. Paul Overy explains, â€Å"The single element, perceived as separate, and the configuration of elements, perceived as a whole, were intended to symbolize the relationship between the individual and the collective (or the universal)† (8). This idea can be described as almost mysticism in that they were concerned with the overall symboli... ...ple, their exploration with simple forms, planes, axis, and grids resulted in a balance. This balance, in turn, was part of the utopian idea of the De Stijl. The utopia represented the new age arising with technology and the future. It is no surprise that the De Stijl movement is one of the major forerunners of modern art, setting its own â€Å"formula† for inspiration. Works Cited Jaffe, H.C.L. The De Stijl Group: Dutch Plastic Art. Trans. Roy Edwards. J.M. Meulenhoff, Amsterdam. Joosten, Joop. â€Å"Paint and Sculpture in the Context of De Stijl.† De Stijl: 1917-1931 Visions of Utopia, pp. 50-67. Phaidon, Oxford: 1982. Overy, Paul. De Stijl. Thames and Hudson, London: 1991. Troy, Nancy J. The De Stijl Environment. The MIT Press, London: 1983. Warncke, Carsten-Peter. The Ideal as Art De Stijl 1917-1931. Benedikt Taschen, Germany: 1991.

America Must Lower the Drinking Age Essay -- Legal Alcohol Consumption

America Must Lower the Drinking Age The current drinking age in the United States of America is 21. There are some people who agree with the current drinking age even some who think it should be raised. On the other hand, a number of people feel that the current drinking age produces more problems than it prevents (â€Å"Cross Fire†). The United States has unsuccessfully tried prohibition legislation not once, but twice in the past. These laws were eventually done away with due to the inability to enforce and the repercussion towards them that ended up causing even more trials and tribulations (Engs). â€Å"Prohibition demonstrates beyond a doubt that drinking and the problems caused by drinking cannot simply be eliminated from the United States† (Olson). In the present day, the government is still reiterating the same mistakes that they made in past attempts (Engs). Research from the early 1980’s until present-day shows a decrease in per capita consumption instead, there has been an inc rease in other problems involving excessive and negligent drinking amongst college students after the twenty –one year old law in 1987 (Engs). The current drinking age of 21 is not effective and is causing other social problems. (Engs). This calls for us as a nation to change our existing drinking law. The drinking age of twenty-one is a paradox of age eighteen as the age of consent. â€Å"The age of consent is defined to be the age at which the person becomes able to make responsible decisions† (â€Å"Why the US Drinking Age Should Be Lowered to 18†). The government needs to start genuinely treating eighteen year-olds like the adults the U.S. constitution says they are (Barnes). The United States entrusts eighteen year-old citizens with ... ...eb. 2000. The Lycos Network. 3 Oct. 2001 http://www.studentadvantage.lycos.com/lycos/article/0,4638,c5-i53-t0-a23235,00.html Engs, Ruth. Forbidden Fruit. Winter 1999. 3 Oct. 2001 http://www.indiana.edu/~engs/articles/fruit.html Ford, Gene. Expert Opinion. 3 Oct. 2001 http://www.2.postdam.edu/alcoholinfo/ExpertOpinion/LowerDrinkAge.html Harald Net. â€Å"Parents cannot rely on the drinking-age laws.† Herald Net 18 June 2001. 3 Oct. 2001 http://www.heraldnet.com/Stories/01/6/18/13878319.cfm Nichols, Hans. â€Å"Getting Drunk on Rebellion.† Insight 9 Oct. 2001 http://www.insightmag.com/archive/200107174.shtml Olson, Steve. Alcohol in America: Taking Action to Prevent Abuse. 1985. 9 Oct. 2001 http://emedia.netlibrary.com/reader/toc.asp?cu_id=19302 Why the US drinking age should be lowered to 18. 9 Oct. 2001 http://www.web.mit.edu/ecoder/www/drinking.html

Birth Order and Happiness Study Essay

In this study, a stratified and random sample of 88 subjects, from three different sections of Provo and Orem, Utah, were given surveys. The selected family income was below the median for family income in one section selected. In the second selection, family income was at the states median and for the third selection family income was above the median. Within each of these sections, families were selected at random and contacted by telephone. Those who decided to participate were invited to the Financial Counseling Clinic at Bringham young and then asked to complete the assessment instruments. Only those subjects who came from families with four or more children were included in the study in order to provide for an analysis of the birth order variables. The subjects in the study consisted of 4 first born males and 8 first born females, 11 second-born males and 8 second born females, 24 middle born males and 20 middle born females, and 5 last born males and 8 last born females. The majority of these subjects were between 25 and 45 years of age. As stated before, each subject was administered the assessment instruments t Brigham Young University. One of the questions on the assessment, which was seen as the focus of the report, asked the subjects to compare themselves to the perceived happiness levels of their fathers, mothers, brothers, and sisters on the items of health, current marriage, current family, extended family, in-laws, friends, religion, financial security, and life in general. For these questions a seven point scale was used with one being the low score, seven the high, and the midpoint of four indicating that their perceived happiness was the same. Since there was no other literature that compared one’s happiness with the perceived happiness of one’s family members this study added a great deal to the non-existent body of knowledge. The results of the study showed that last born males scored consistently lower than all other male birth order, except for the â€Å"in-laws† area. Last borns scored lowest and separated themselves out the most from the other male birth orders in areas of â€Å"financial security,† â€Å"employment,† and â€Å"life in general. † Results showed that first born males scored higher than all other male birth orders on five of the items. As for the women, last borns scored lower on every subject except for one. In addition to this, very different from men, first born females scored consistently lower than both second born and middle born females. One of the most important things taken from this study is the similar pattern of both male and female last borns. Both scored lower than any of the other same-sex birth orders on the almost all of the happiness scales. This finding shows that last born male and females are typically unhappier than their firstborn, second born, or middle born siblings. The group contributed these findings to clinical observations done that stated last borns tend to be pampered and spoiled. They have been conditioned to people protecting, dominating, and giving them goods and services that require little effort on the part of the last born. This in turn makes it easy for last borns to grow up as adults who think people will continue to do this for them future. When the eventually become adults, they eventually face the reality that most other people will not pamper and they then experience cognitive dissonance, causing them to be last happy than their sibling. In addition to this, the pampering could potentially have detracted from their ability and learn to deal with problems of life and this could contribute to their relative unhappiness. A second study dealing with birth order and personality can also be used to predict the possible outcomes as well. Empirical Studies Indicating Significant Birth-Order-Related Personality Differences provided a summary of empirical support relating birth order to personality characteristics. This study focused on indentifying other studies that contained statistically significant results between personality differences and birth-order typologies and reported descriptive data in terms of variables that differ according to birth order. This research done by Eckstein focused primarily on articles dating from 1960 to 1999. All of the articles reported statistically significant levels at or beyond the . 05 level. Consistent with other studies that were based on Adlerian theory, empirical birth-order was grouped into the following four major categories: oldest, middle, youngest, and single. Eckstein then goes on to present a table showing the common characteristics identified for each of the four types and identifying articles that indicated each characteristic. For the oldest child, or first borns, according to Eckstein’s findings, at least two researchers attributed each of 26 different characteristics to these individuals. The six most frequently appearing attributes were highest achieving, highest IQ, greatest academic success, highest motivation and need for achievement, overrepresented among learned groups, and most affiliative under stress. All of these personality attributes can be used to relate to the findings from the first study, Birth Order and Happiness: A Preliminary Study by G. Hugh Allred & Bernard E. Poduska. The first borns of each family likely have higher levels of satisfaction due to these similar personality attributes. The majority of those individuals who are highest achieving usually are those who are most satisfied with their lives. This could be one of the reasons that the first borns scored the highest on the majority of question in the study conducted by Allred and Poduska. At least two researchers attributed each of 6 different characteristics to the middle child. The three attributed that appeared most frequently were fewest problems acting out, sociable, and greatest feeling of not belonging. For the youngest at least two researchers attributed each of 14 different characteristics to those who were the youngest child. The four most frequently appearing attributes for the youngest child or last born were; greatest overrepresentation of psychiatric disorders if from a small family, empathetic, helplessness and tendency toward alcoholism. The fact that both helplessness and a tendency toward alcoholism are two of the four most frequently appearing attributes helps relate to the first study on birth order and happiness conducted by Allred and Poduska. The fact that those born last are seen as helpless could be a direct effect of the fact that they were pampered and overprotected for the majority of their lives. This would then cause them to feel helpless in their later years when they are on their own in life without their family to pamper and always protect them. This feeling could then be used when explaining why those individuals who were last borns scored lowest on the majority of the questions asked in the study dealing with birth order and happiness by Allred and Poduska. Using the knowledge learned from these two research studies there will be two hypotheses used when conducting the study on the relationship between birth order and life satisfaction. The first hypothesis states that last born individuals will have the lowest levels of happiness on average. The second hypothesis states that those individuals who are not last borns will have higher levels of happiness on average. Proving whether or not these hypotheses are true will tell us a great deal about the relationship between birth order and life satisfaction and will help settle the argument on whether or not birth order has an effect on one’s life. III. Method: A random, convenience sample of 30 subjects was used during this study. Subjects were from various states on the East Coast and came from all different backgrounds. The subject’s ages ranged from 17-50 years of age and the majority of them were college students living on campus at Bryant University. Only those individuals with siblings were sampled and those without siblings did not receive the assessment. The rights of each subjected were protected. Prior to their participation in the assessment each subject was informed about the purpose of the study. These subjects were then told that in addition to their rights being protected, the privacy and confidentiality of the assessment will be strictly maintained at all times. The results of each assessment were shown to no one during the study besides those conducting the research and will not be used by any other researchers in the future. Throughout the entire study all ethical guidelines were followed. The results of each assessment were not tampered with or used against the respondent. All assessments were completed in the Bryant University library, but before being allowed to complete the assessment, each randomly picked subject was asked by the research whether or not they had siblings. Subjects who answered â€Å"no† were not given the assessment and able to go on their way. Subjects who answered â€Å"yes† to this question were then asked if they would like to participate in a research study on the relationship between birth order and happiness. A statement on privacy rights was then read to each subject by the researcher to make sure they knew that results of their assessment would be confidential. Once this was understood, the subjects were given the assessment. The subjects were free to complete the survey on their own and had as much time as needed to fill out the assessment. Once finished their assessments, each subject handed their survey to the researcher and was thanked for their participation in the study. Once 30 assessments were collected the scores of each assessment was tallied up and the results were recorded. The survey used was Life Satisfaction Index A survey from Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes. This index consisted of 20 agree or disagree items that correlated highly with life satisfaction/happiness. Each response received zero or one points depending upon whether or not the response matched the response marked in parenthesis given by the book. For example: One question asked â€Å"As I grow older, things seem better than I thought they would be†. For this question the response marked in parentheses was â€Å"Agree† and those who responded â€Å"Agree† received one point and those who responded â€Å"Disagree† received none. Scores on this assessment could vary from 0 (lowest faction) to 20 (highest satisfaction) and helped show the life satisfaction of each respondent. In addition to the 20 agree or disagree questions, there was one multiple choice questioned used at the end of the survey. This question asked the respondent whether or not they were the: first born, second born, second born (last born), third born (middle), third born last, or fourth born (last) in their family. This question helped categorize the results of each respondent. The study has two independent variables and one dependent variable. The independent variables are gender and both order. The dependent variable is levels of happiness. The design of this study was a correlation design and there was no manipulation of either independent variable throughout the duration of the study. IV. Results: Figure 1: As shown in figure 1, first born males had the highest average life satisfaction score at 14. 89. This was more than one full point higher than the 13. 75 scored by those individuals who were third born middle children. Second born middle children scored a 13. 7 on average which was extremely close to those third born middle children. Figure 1, also shows that the bottom three lowest scores all belong to those who were last in their family’s birth order. Second born last borns scored a 12. 25 on average, fourth born last borns an 11. 67, and second born last borns had the lowest average life satisfaction index scores at 11. 50. All together, last borns received a mean score of 11. 83 on the life satisfaction i ndex which is almost two points lower than those who were middle borns and a full 3 points lower than those who were first borns. Breaking down the results for women we once again see that first borns had the highest average score on the life satisfaction index. Second born middle were one point behind at 14, and right behind them was third born middle at 13. 5. The average score of middle born children was 13. 8. Once again, the lowest average scores belonged to those who were last borns. Those individuals who were the third born last borns had the lowest score of 11. 5, followed by fourth born last at 12, and second born last at 12. 5. All together, the last borns scored a 12 on average when taking the life satisfaction index.